Community - Mother Tongue

Afghanistan

Herat

Courtesy and mutual responsibility

Life and studies in Herat

Israel

Courtesy and mutual responsibility

Algeria

El Oued (Souf)

Furnishing the house

Origin of the community's families

The Jewish community in El Oued (Souf)

The Jewish court and community rabbis

The nature of the community

Bukhara

Samarkand

Secretly slaughtering kosher meat

Caucasus

Baku

Community life and women's status

Community life, synagogues and holidays

Judaism during Communism and relationship with non-Jews

Me and the community

Derbent

Childhood, school and community

Community life in Derbent

Jewish tradition and the connection to Israel

Jews' occupations and relations with non-Jews

Memories from the neighborhood and home

Tension within the family concerning religion and communism

The community in Nalchik and the attitude towards the locals

Mountain Jews (Dagestan)

Way of life within the Jewish community

Nalchik

The community in Nalchik and the attitude towards the locals

Quba

Community life and women's status

Community life, synagogues and holidays

Judaism during Communism and relationship with non-Jews

Me and the community

Neighborliness and mutual aid

Egypt

Alexandria

The Jewish community of Alexandria

Cairo

Aliya, absorption and community in Israel

Community, relationship with the Muslims and foods

Duties of the gabbai (synagogue warden)

Family story and life in Cairo

Karaites in Egypt

Keeping Shabbat in Cairo

Life in the community

Relationship with the non-Jewish neighbors and with the authorities

Spoken languages and relationships with the neighbours

The Karaites and story of believing in Eliyahu HaNavi

The spoken languages in Egypt

Yeshiva in Cairo

Europe: Eastern

Iași (Romania)

Roots trip to Romania

Warsaw

Communities in Poland

Europe: Western

Endingen

Synagogue in Endingen

The immigration of Eastern European Jews to Switzerland

The Jewish communities in Lucerne

The synagogue's bell

Izmir

Sephardic communities in Italy

Shabbat customs and foods and the Jewish community

The Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) language

Lucerne

Synagogue in Endingen

The immigration of Eastern European Jews to Switzerland

The Jewish communities in Lucerne

The synagogue's bell

Milan

Sephardic communities in Italy

The Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) language

Milan (Italy)

Shabbat customs and foods and the Jewish community

Wissembourg (France)

The Jewish communities in Alsace-Lorraine, Jewish occupations and expressions

Zurich (Switzerland)

Synagogue in Endingen

The immigration of Eastern European Jews to Switzerland

The Jewish communities in Alsace-Lorraine, Jewish occupations and expressions

The Jewish communities in Lucerne

The synagogue's bell

Georgia

Kulashi

Life in Georgia and Israel, bar and bat mitzva

Religious world, Jewish courts and tension against communism

Greece

Ioannina

Description of the community of Ioannina and its current cultural preservation

History and characteristics of the community

Thessaloniki

Community structures that were destroyed during World War II

The danger in speaking Ladino during World War II

Trikala

Relationship with the neighbouring Jewish communities and Ladino speakers

India

Chennamangalam

Clothing

Diseases and hospitalization

Location of neighbourhoods by religion

Midwife and medicinal herbs for a woman in confinement

My mother and house work

Oath and ascent to the tomb of Namia Motta (Rabbi Nehemiah ben Avraham)

Of snakes and catching a cobra

Stance towards the caste system in India

Staying in Ernakulam

Ernakulam

Clothing

Diseases and hospitalization

Family livelihood and occupation of women

Location of neighbourhoods by religion

Midwife and medicinal herbs for a woman in confinement

My mother and house work

Oath and ascent to the tomb of Namia Motta (Rabbi Nehemiah ben Avraham)

Of snakes and catching a cobra

Pregnancy, birth and medical care

Stance towards the caste system in India

Staying in Ernakulam

Male

Clothing

Diseases and hospitalization

Location of neighbourhoods by religion

Midwife and medicinal herbs for a woman in confinement

My mother and house work

Oath and ascent to the tomb of Namia Motta (Rabbi Nehemiah ben Avraham)

Of snakes and catching a cobra

Stance towards the caste system in India

Staying in Ernakulam

Mumbai

Community life in India

Names, languages, relationships with non-Jews and burial customs

Iran

Abadan

The status of Jews in Iran

Arak

Attitude towards men and women

Birth, folk beliefs and helping the mother

Childhood and communal identity

Community, relationship between Muslims and education

Dating and division of roles

Her grandmother's story and life in Golpayegan

Shabbat and water pool

The home, the community and ceremonies

Bijar

The status of women

Borujerd

Roles of men and women and daily life in the community

Bukan

Dating, dowery, Kiddushin (betrothal) and wedding

Life in Kurdistan: daily life, education and medicine

Golpayegan

Attitude towards men and women

Childhood and communal identity

Her grandmother's story and life in Golpayegan

Shabbat and water pool

The home, the community and ceremonies

Gorgan

My mother and life in Iran

Hamadan

Neighborhood life and relationship with the Muslims

Isfahan

Differences between official Persian and Isfahan Jewish dialect

Jews' quarter, their professions and economic state

Jews' quarter, their professions and economic state

Life in Iran and drawing water from wells

Life in Isfahan

Poverty and community

The Jewish community and life during the Islamic revolution

The Jewish neighbourhood in Isfahan

The Jewish neighbourhood, women's life and weddings

The Jewish quarter in Isfahan and two Jewish women marrying Muslims

Israel

Aliya and family gatherings in Israel

Mashhad community, dialect and preserving tradition

Kashan

Community assistance and relationship between Jews and Muslims

My parents and their lives in Iran

Kermanshah

Neighborhood life and relationship with the Muslims

Poverty and relationship with the Muslims

Mahabad

Community life and leisure in Mahabad

Kashrut of meat, shechita and refrigeration of food

Mashhad

Aliya and family gatherings in Israel

Mashhad community, dialect and preserving tradition

Nahawand

The situation in Iran before making Aliya

Qasr-e Shirin

The community's customs, traditions and way of living

Shahandasht

Shechita and kashrut

Shiraz

Memories from Iran

School in Shiraz

The role of the community rabbi and Jewish rituals

The status of Jews in Iran

Teheran

Communal assistance and kosher meat

Community assistance and relationship between Jews and Muslims

Holidays, synagogue and community

My parents and their lives in Iran

Neighborhood life and relationship with the Muslims

Social classes, prayer and relationship between Jews and Muslims

The Jewish quarter in Isfahan and two Jewish women marrying Muslims

Tehran

Food and showers

Tuyserkan

The Jewish community in Tuyserkan and life story

Urmia

Cemetery, bereavement, religious clothing and community

Yazd

Rabbis, community and making Aliya

Iraq

Baghdad

Baking matzot during Passover and distributing them to neighbors

Aliya, Jews' immigration from Iraq to Persia

Communal identity, children's games, shopping on Shabbat and wedding

Community and Farhud

Grandma and preserving the Iraqi language and culture

Life and family in Baghdad

Life in Iraq and story about the souk (bazaar)

Lifestyle, religion and community

Living on the rooftops of houses in Baghdad

Mutual help and assistance in the community

Synagogue, relationship with the Muslims, the rabbi of the synagogue, mutual assistance within the Jewish community, status differences

The early days of the city of Shamia

The Farhud (The 1941 Pogrom Against Iraqi Jewry)

The flood in Baghdad during 1915

Basra

The Jewish communities of Iraq

The Rabbis of Iraq and their roles

Erbil

Koy Sanjak's Jews

Israel

Grandma and preserving the Iraqi language and culture

Kirkuk

The house in Kirkuk and the wedding that took place there

Koy Sanjak

Koy Sanjak's Jews

Tuz Khurmatu

Family, life in Iraq and school

Life in Israel and foods

Relationship with the neighbour and her family

ʿAna

ʿAna community

Israel

Hebron

History of the family living in Jerusalem

Jerusalem

Additional communities in Shapira neighbourhood, Tel Aviv

Community and Shabbat and Passover customs

History of the family living in Jerusalem

Neighborhood stories

The Judeo-Spanish speaking club and the connection with Yitsḥak Navon

Peqi'in

Tithe and charity for the poor

Thessaloniki

Additional communities in Shapira neighbourhood, Tel Aviv

Tiberias

Community life and foods

Greetings and hospitality

Life in Tiberias and relationship with the Muslims

Secret language and use of Hebrew in Tiberias as apposed to Pekiʿin

Kurdistan

Amadiya

Community, birth and matchmaking

Kurdish Jews' foods

Amedi

My mother and her acts of kindness toward the community

Awena

Aliya, absorption and the relationship with other Jewish communities in Israel

Daily life and the war of the Kurds

Baghdad

Inviting neighbors to listen to her father's stories and the girls' activities during this time

Koshering meat, the shochet (ritual butcher) and donating food to the poor

Challa

Sufi Abraham, the prayer rug, and the Hajj

The history of Jews in Challa

The murder of a peddler

The seizure of Shabbo's brother and attempted forced conversion

Diana

The Jewish community, the rabbi and establishing the synagogue

Duhok

Community, education and economic status

Inviting neighbors to listen to her father's stories and the girls' activities during this time

Koshering meat, the shochet (ritual butcher) and donating food to the poor

Erbil

Community, Shabbat and Tu BiShvat

Family and the Kurdish community in Israel

Kashrut, language, community and relationship with non Jews

Synagogue and the role of rabbis

Israel

Community and women

Kurdish Jews' foods

Spiritual leadership and Rabbis' daughters

Zichron Yosef neighborhood

Koy Sanjaq

Modest life in Sulaymaniya and lack of time during World War II

Mergasor

The Jewish community, the rabbi and establishing the synagogue

Mosul

Qapʾachʾan

Life in Kurdistan, community and the synagogue arson

Rekan

Neighborhood and Jews' occupations

Rustaqa

Shabbat, community and relationship with the Muslims

Said 'ubed

Daily life and Shabbat preparation

Sanandaj

My grandfather: head of the Jewish community in Sanandaj, mediator and ḥazzan

Sulaymaniya

Ants in the supply room

Community life, relationship with non-Jews and folk beliefs

Description of community and concern for the poor

Jew builds a mosque

Modest life in Sulaymaniya and lack of time during World War II

Spring in Kurdistan: experiences, picnic and the connection with the Muslims

Zakho

Community and women

Family, community and synagouges

Food distribution for the poor and Chevra Kadisha

Foods

Her home and neighborhood

History of Zakho and hospitality of King Zakho’s son

Preserving religion in Zakho

Rituals, the synagogue and the community

Spiritual leadership and Rabbis' daughters

Spoken languages in Zakho

Weddings, singing and leisure

Zichron Yosef neighborhood

Lebanon

Beirut

Arabic dialects: Jews, Lebanese and Syrians

Different dialects of Lebanese Jews

Institutions of the Jewish community in Beirut

Jews' clothing in Beirut

Jews' occupations

Life in Lebanon

Occupation and professions

Relations between Lebanese and Syrians

Wedding

Beirut (Wadi Abu Jamil)

Community life and her parents' occupations

Lebanon's Jewish communities

Libya

Al-Khums

Journey on donkeys and the discovery of an ancient Jewish script

Leadership of the Jewish community

The different dialects of the Jewish communities in Libya

The initial organization of Aliya to Israel

Amrus

Amrus and the pogroms against the Jews

Rabbi Chamous Daboush, Rabbi Yehuda Lavi and the 'Zulaikha' at the Bushaeff synagogue

Synagogue and the Jewish community in Amrus

Az-Zawiya

Life, education and clothing in Az-Zawiya and Tripoli

Benghazi

Language and community

Gharyan

Community life and mutual aid

Life in Gharyan and Tripoli

Misrata

Tripoli

Communal support for the poor

Community life and mutual aid

Community: life in communes, helping others, keeping mitzvot and nidda

Differences between dialects in Libya

Life in Gharyan and Tripoli

Rabbi Shimon Lavi and Rabbi David Yamin

The Jewish Quarter in Tripoli, the capital

The Rabbi Kamos Yamin ZT"L story and the Ziyarat in his honor

Tripoli proud and connection with other Tripoli Jews in Israel

Morocco

Agadir

Modesty and protecting the girls

Why there are no Levies in Tunisia

Aït Bouguemmaz

The four towns of the Atlas Mountains

Tour in Morocco

Asammer

Aliya and community

Life and barter in Asammer

Life in Morocco

Revisiting Morocco

Asilah

Community and the relationship between men and women

Asslen

Holidays and fasting

Way of living and the community

Azemmour

Jews of the Atlas mountains (Shluḥ)

Aїt Hakim

Shochet (ritual butcher) and writer, shopping in the market, immersion in a mikve

Aїt Taguella

Relationship with the Muslims and other villagers

Source of water, laundry, making blankets and clothing

Beni Mellal

Beni Mellal: life and livelihood in a city mixed with Arabs and Jews

Preserving tradition and language in the synagogue

The richness of the Moroccan cuisine

Boudenib

Dialects and cultural differences

Expulsion from the hammam, building a mikve and first immersion of the Baba Sali

Casablanca

Community, cooking and hospitality

Differences between the Jewish communities in Morocco

Her childhood neighborhood and the use of the hammam as a mikve

Jews of the Atlas mountains (Shluḥ)

Life in Casablanca and Aliya to Israel

Life in Morocco and Aliya to Israel

Life in Morocco, the family and the Jewish Agency

Multi languages and dialects

Righteous and synagogue

Visit to Morocco and paintings by Meʾir from the visit

Debdou

Life in Debdou, Shabbat and Community

My grandmother the midwife and postpartum care

Roots trips in Morocco and relationship with the Muslims

The importance of rabbis in the community and their roles

Demnate

Demnate Jews' way of life

Family events and hospitality

Functioning as a foster family and Rabbi Maʾor ʿAkiva

El Kelaa des Sraghna

Roots trip and tombs of the righteous

Er-Rich

Er-Rich community

Erfoud

Community life in Erfoud

Death of Baba Ḥaki brother of Baba Sali

Help from the community during birth labour

Fes

Communal assistance for the ill and poor, and collecting charity for Kimcha DePischa (flour of Passover)

Community life in mellah and relationship with the Muslims

Jew's occupations

Judeo-Arabic dialects in Morocco: pronunciation, vocabulary, expressions, etc.

Life in Fes and Aliya to Israel

Ighil Noro

Village life: bringing water from the spring, lack of electricity and grinding local flour

Inezgane

Community leadership in Inezgane

Hosting the poor on Shabbat

Israel

Ancient customs attesting to the Jewish origins from the time of the destruction of the Second Temple

My grandparents and the family lineage

Marrakesh

Differences between the Jewish communities in Morocco

Sweets and games

The community's institutions and supporting the poor

The Jewish community, celebrations and Sukkot

The Jewish quarter

Women's roles in the community

Meknes

Community support for the poor and Jewish professions

Hillula (celebration) of Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai and visits to Morocco

Homes in Meknes and relationship with the Muslims

Jewish neighborhood and relations with the Muslims

Medicinal herbs, secret language, trade and community

Moroccan Mimouna

Musical styles in Morocco

Rabbis, synagogue and community

Relationship with other Jewish communities

The community and relationship with the Muslims

Wedding and social status

Melilla

The community in Venezuela and the speakers of Ḥaketia

Midelt

Rabbis, faith, Shabbat and holidays

Mogador (Essaouira)

Engagement and wedding customs

Her father and his relationship with the community's Rabbis

Her father the poet and the family's singing talent

Shavuot at Mogador

Slaughter customs in Mogador (Essaouira)

Synagogue in Mogador

Visit to Morocco and paintings by Meʾir from the visit

Why there are no Levies in Tunisia

Ouarzazate

Communal assistance

Community meals

Holidays and celebrations

Life in Morocco and Aliya to Israel

Multi languages and dialects

Relationships with the Muslim neighbours

Righteous and synagogue

Righteous, celebration and miracles

The town Skoura and its Rabbis

Women's roles in the community

Oumnass

Differences between the Jewish communities in Morocco

Qsar Ssouq

Roots trip in Morocco

Salé

Brit mila and the training of the mohel and the shochet (ritual butcher)

The community council and the local dayan

Sefrou

Birth, postpartum assistance and folk beliefs about birth

Community, childhood and Talmud Tora

Education, the mellah and relationship with the Muslims

The Mohel families

The neighborhood and the house

Settat

Community life in Settat

Skoura

Holidays and celebrations

Righteous, celebration and miracles

The town Skoura and its Rabbis

Talilit

Why there are no Levies in Tunisia

Tanger

Community life and relationship between Jews and Muslims

Rabbis, community institutions and tombs of the righteous

Tangier

About Ḥaketia and Arabic

Family, community, Aliya and absorption in Tiberias

The community in Venezuela and the speakers of Ḥaketia

Work, friends and a visit to Morocco

Taroudant

Earthquake and holiday preparation

Telouet

Life in Telouet, Aliya to Israel and foods

Timztot

Life in Timztot

Status of men and women in the community

Tirsal

Ancient customs attesting to the Jewish origins from the time of the destruction of the Second Temple

My grandparents and the family lineage

Tiznit

Ancient customs attesting to the Jewish origins from the time of the destruction of the Second Temple

My grandparents and the family lineage

Unknown

Life and community

Venezuela

The community in Venezuela and the speakers of Ḥaketia

ǝl-Qǝlʕa dǝ-sraghna'

Community structure and management

Women in the community

ישראל

Community and studying the Tora

מכנס

Bar mitzva in Meknes

תיסינת

Community and studying the Tora

תירסאל

Community and studying the Tora

Syria

Aleppo

Mediation of community sages in bail release

Community life in Aleppo

His mother, food delivery for their neighbors and eating plenty of meat

Jewish neighbourhoods in Aleppo

Social connections in the community

Social hierarchy within the community

Solidarity within the community

Solidarity within the community after the Aleppo pogroms

The importance of Aleppo Codex

Damascus

Between the Aleppo and Damascus communities

Cave of Elijah in Jobar

Community and solidarity between 1967-1973

Community life in Damascus

Community life in Damascus

Damascus community during wars in Israel

Holidays and festivals (public and religious)

Personal details, the community and school

Shavuot, Rosh Hashana, Sukkot and Hanukka

The Damascus affair

The wish of the shochet (ritual butcher)'s son to become a wise student

Their lives in Lebanon: community, synagogues and an announcement before Shabbat

Women's community in Damascus

Women, holidays and community

Ḥalab

Father-son traditions

Israel

His mother, food delivery for their neighbors and eating plenty of meat

Nusaybin

His mother, food delivery for their neighbors and eating plenty of meat

Qamishli

Father-son traditions

The Jewish community, his father the mukhtar and Rabbi Avraham Ḥamra

Tunisia

Djerba

Differences between communities in Tunisia

Life in Djerba and connection to the land of Israel

The community's atmosphere and foods

Gabes

Dialects and culture

Dialects in Tunisia and proverbs

Life at Zarat without a Jewish community and education and returning to Gabes with the help of his brother and sister-in-law

Passover and delivering meat to the poor

Rabbi Moshe Chalphon Hacohen and the Nazi invasion

Relationship with Livorno Jews

Mahdia

Synagogue and rabbis

Matmata

Moknine

Synagogues, Rabbis and righteous

Nabeul

Difference between the perception of faith in Hakadosh Baruch Hu (Almighty) in Tunisia and Israel

Different features in towns and areas in Tunisia

The Jewish community in Nabeul: education, management and relationship with non-Jews

Nefta

Community life and relationship with the Muslims in Nefta

Entrance to a synagogue through a brothel

The synagogue in Nefta

Sousse

Synagogue and rabbis

Sulayman

Connection between Jewish communities and roots trips

Tunis

The café

Zarzis

Nature of communities and folk beliefs

Rabbis, oaths and celebration customs

Turkey

Adana

Community, Shabbat and synagogue

Kurdish language and identity

Ankara

Jewish communities and synagogues

Argentina

Cultural Center of Spain and Ladino teaching

Aydın

Family and community customs

Family, community, education and holidays

Jewish education and holidays

Buenos Aires

Family and community customs

Family, community, education and holidays

Jewish education and holidays

Edirne

Synagogues, Talmud Tora, brit mila, bar mitzva and community

The Aburtados community, Jews who converted to Islam

The Jewish community, Anusim (forced converts) and “Guardians of the Tora”

Israel

Synagogues, Talmud Tora, brit mila, bar mitzva and community

Istanbul

Authorities' attitude and forced labor

Cultural Center of Spain and Ladino teaching

Family, community and language

Family, community and relationship with the Muslims

Family, community and their attitude towards Judaism

Jewish communities and synagogues

Jewish community, Passover holiday and foods

My children, grandchildren and the community

School, synagogue, community and World War II

Sunday traditions: volunteering at the Jewish hospital, collecting donations in secret and spending time with family and friends

The Aburtados community, Jews who converted to Islam

The city, the Jewish community and relationships with non-Jews

The Jewish community and their relationship with the Muslims

The Jewish community, Anusim (forced converts) and “Guardians of the Tora”

Izmir

Community and Shabbat

Community, relationship with the Turkish, Zionism and language

Talmud Tora and the Jewish community

The synagogue, community and dating

Unknown

Community, Shabbat and synagogue

Kurdish language and identity

Yemen

Al Bayda

Clothing and customs

Shabbat, the synagogue and Rabbis

Shechita

Al Hajar

My life story, the origin of my name and community

Al Maḥwit

Community support for orphans and widows

Al-Ashur

Her friend's late husband

Al-Ghuraba (Saudi Arabia)

Women's community and its assistance during ḥenna and childbirth

My mother’s memories of the Najran Region (Saudi Arabia) and making aliya

The different bridal headpieces according to her community and ʿAyin Haraʿ (the evil eye)

Wedding and ḥenna songs

Al-Ḥabal

Foods and celebrations

Arhab

Differences between different dialects of a language

Rabbi Shalom Shabazi and the healing spring

Bashar

Agriculture, weapon manufacturing and trade relations with the Muslims

Livelihood, community life and communal work in the moshav (village)

Occupations of Yemenite Jews in Yemen

Bayt an Nasīm (Yarim area)

Lament for a friend

Bayt Baws

Yemeni communities, livelihood and donations to the poor

Dhamar

Gharir

Community postpartum care

Hunger and deprivation in Yemen

Women's occupations and respect for the elderly

Ghazieh

The Ghabzieh community versus the Sanaʿa and ʿAden communities

Ḥabban

Ḥabbani Jews' arrival to Ḥabban

Jews arrival to Ḥabban and relationship with the Arabs

Shechita training, nikkur and certification

Ḥaima

Manners of payment amongst Jews

Ḥawlan

Law in the community: her judge grandfather trialling both Arabs and Jews

Life in Yemen and Aliya and settlement in Israel

Synagogue and Tora studies

The families of Ḥamar village

The villagers' occupation in pottery

Ḥaydan

Fleas and locust in Yemen

Ḥaydan as-Sham

Houses and way of life in Yemen

Ibb

Education, women, community and child tax

Israel

Houses and way of life in Yemen

Jahran

Tora reading studies

Mingide

Aliya, absorption, livelihood and community

Nabat

Life in Nabat and Nabat's Rabbi

Najran (Saudi Arabia)

Customs of bereavement, burial without tombstones and observing shivʿa

History of Arabian Peninsula Jewry from antiquity to the present day

Immersion of women in rivers and wells

The Jewish community of Najran and their distinctness from the Jews of Yemen

The Rue plant and its use against ʿAyin Haraʿ (the evil eye)

Various bridal headpieces across different communities

Way of life in Najran and coping with the summer heat

Radʿa

Love for poetry and folk songs

Raimat and Sa'dah

Way of life in a village in Yemen

Raymah

Sayan

Life in Tanˁam

Shaghadirah

Co-living and orphan marriage for fear of converting

Sharʿab

House chores by women

Judaica and Talmud Tora

Livestock names

Sir

Family and the Yemenite way of living

Yemenite way of life

Tanˁam

Life in Tanˁam

Personal story and community life

ʿAden

Way of life and community in ʿAden

ʿAnaka

Yemeni communities, livelihood and donations to the poor

Contact us