Occupations and livelihoods - Mother Tongue

Afghanistan

Herat

The occupations of my mother and grandmother, and the trade relations of my second grandmother with the Muslims

Algeria

El Oued (Souf)

Life in El Oued Souf: foods, relationship with the Arab neighbours and family trades

Livelihood in Israel

Poverty and livelihood difficulties

Poverty and neighbourliness with the Muslims

The father's work and fortune

Ghardaia

School and weaving

Bukhara

Samarkand

Making vodka and additional women's jobs

Caucasus

Baku

Working as a cook

Derbent

Childhood play and occupation and livelihood

Jews' occupations and relations with non-Jews

Women's customs, women in the arts and culture

Work and life in Krasnodar

Mountain Jews (Dagestan)

Education and employment

Occupations and livelihood

Quba

Working as a cook

Egypt

Alexandria

School and work

Cairo

Memories from summer break: a trip to a beach at Alexandria and a visit to his father's store

Work and relationships with 'non-Jews'

Europe: Eastern

Buhuși (Romania)

Work and leisure

Iași (Romania)

Work

Europe: Western

Endingen

Jewish occupations, Shabbat preparation and Tishrei holidays

The family's livelihood

Lucerne

The family's livelihood

Wissembourg (France)

The Jewish communities in Alsace-Lorraine, Jewish occupations and expressions

Zurich (Switzerland)

Jewish occupations, Shabbat preparation and Tishrei holidays

The family's livelihood

The Jewish communities in Alsace-Lorraine, Jewish occupations and expressions

Georgia

Kulashi

Life story and family's livelihood during World War II

Oni

Greece

Ioannina

History and personal memories from family and community

India

Ernakulam

Family livelihood and occupation of women

Livelihood

Mumbai

Making aliya, absorption and livelihood in Israel

Iran

Arak

Education and her doctor grandmother

Her doctors father and grandmother and Aliya to Israel

Her father and grandmother's work as alternative therapists

Her grandparents, their occupation and respecting the elderly

My family's livelihood and my grandmother's work as a healer

Borujerd

Bukan

Livelihood and occupations of men and women

Livelihood from crops and the sale of agricultural produce

Men's professions and women's household chores

The transit stations on the journey to Israel, settling in a moshav (village), and hard work in agriculture

Golpayegan

Education and her doctor grandmother

Her doctors father and grandmother and Aliya to Israel

Her father and grandmother's work as alternative therapists

Her grandparents, their occupation and respecting the elderly

Livelihood, home and shared life

Men's occupation and livelihood in stores

My brother's story and occupation

School, occupations and relationship between Jews and Muslims

Hamadan

My parents' occupations, my sister and a story about my grandmother

Isfahan

Alcohol production and relations with the Muslims

Daily activities: water pumping and washing

Jews' quarter, their professions and economic state

Jews' quarter, their professions and economic state

My parents' occupations

Poverty and community

Women, occupation and livelihood

Israel

Men's livelihood and his parents' meeting story

Istanbul

Kashan

My parents and their lives in Iran

Kerend

Family, education and dyeing fabric

Foods, livelihood, wedding and mimouna

Kermanshah

Housing, livelihood and celebration in Israel

Making aliya and agricultural work

My parents' occupations, my sister and a story about my grandmother

Occupation and arts

The family's livelihood

The sons' study in the Beit Midrash and their assistance to their fathers in providing for the household

Women's occupations at home and men's livelihood in the various stores

Khorasa

Coping with the cold in Khorasan, Jewish livelihoods and barter

Khorasan

Growing and smoking opium

Khorramshahr

Life in Israel, wars and her husband's occupation

Naʿima ʾAvrahami's family

Mahabad

Her father's livelihood and their good financial status

The work of low-income Jewish women as laundresses

Women's םccupations and status

Qasr-e Shirin

The community's customs, traditions and way of living

Salmas

Sanandaj

Integration difficulties and hard work in agriculture

Saqqez

Livelihood in Iran and Israel

Making aliya and agricultural work

The sons' study in the Beit Midrash and their assistance to their fathers in providing for the household

Women's occupations at home and men's livelihood in the various stores

Shahandasht

Men’s livelihood and the employment of women in need of income

Poverty and the high cost of living in Iran

Shiraz

Life in Shiraz: relationship with Muslims and her parents' occupations

Sultanabad

My father's occupations and the relationship between Muslims and Jews

Teheran

Daily activities: water pumping and washing

Men's occupation and livelihood in stores

My parents and their lives in Iran

My parents and their occupations

My parents' occupations

My parents' occupations and grandfather Israel

My parents' occupations, my sister and a story about my grandmother

My parents' occupations, the house in Teheran and life in Israel

Tehran

Childhood and education, occupation and livelihood

Tekab

Life story, education and occupation and livelihood

Tuyserkan

Acquiring his education

School, education and men's livelihood

Urmia

Her grandmother's occupation and financial status

Men's livelihood and his parents' meeting story

The occupations of my parents, grandfather and grandmother, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law

The rabbi's father, Shabbat, living with her grandmother

Yazd

Occupation and livelihood, story about her grandfather

Iraq

Baghdad

Grandma and preserving the Iraqi language and culture

Her father's work at the hospital during Shabbat and the hospital head's assistance when making aliya

Hobbies and leisure

Housewives, work during childhood, her grandmother the midwife, shopkeeper in the market, her parents' occupations

Life story, occupation and livelihood

Miriam's communist brother form Iraq, his occupation in Israel and London and reuniting with Miriam

Basra

Men's career in trade and minority of working women

Subjects and languages taught at the girls' school

Women's house occupations and relationship between women

Erbil

My family's occupations, my grandmother and the relationship with the Muslims

Israel

Grandma and preserving the Iraqi language and culture

Kirkuk

The family's occupation and livelihood in Iraq and in Israel

Work, school and relationship with the Muslims

Tuz Khurmatu

Family and livelihood

Life in Iraq: relationship with the Muslims, family life and speaking Turkish

ʿAna

Livelihood

Israel

Jerusalem

Her father's bookstore and his relationship with ʾEliʿezer Ben-Yehuda

Peqi'in

Livelihood

Tiberias

Dating, wedding and her hotel job

Kurdistan

Amadiya

Work and trade with the Muslims

Amedi

My father and his business

Weaving and trade relations between Jews and Muslims

Awena

Baghdad

Education, employment and Bar mitzva

Her occupation, home in Kurdistan and Aliya to Israel

Making and earning from ʿaraq (drink)

Diana

Education and livelihood

Men, women and livelihood

Duhok

Her occupation, home in Kurdistan and Aliya to Israel

The family's home and livelihood

Erbil

Her parents' occupations, birth, brit mila and bar mitzva

Occupation and livelihood

Work in Israel and Kurdistan

Hasnaka

His parents' occupations, and his occupation as a shepherd

Women's occupations, their status, and young girls

Mergasor

Education and livelihood

Men, women and livelihood

Mosul

Education, employment and Bar mitzva

History of the mother

Making and earning from ʿaraq (drink)

The family's story

Rekan

Neighborhood and Jews' occupations

Sanandaj

Men and women's occupations, matchmaking, wedding and divorce

My mother: mediator, matchmaker and clothing designer

Sandor

His parents' occupations, and his occupation as a shepherd

Women's occupations, their status, and young girls

Sulaymaniya

Aliya and work in Israel

Selling fabrics, jewellery making and types of jewellery

Zakho

Children's education and parents' livelihood

Daily life in Zakho

Difficulties in livelihood

Education, employment and Bar mitzva

History of the mother

Making and earning from ʿaraq (drink)

The family's story

Weighing silver coins, trade and livelihood

Work and education

Lebanon

Beirut

Educational Institutions: Receiving a community scholarship and her role as a teacher at Alliance

Jews' clothing in Beirut

Jews' occupations

Occupation and professions

Professional studies

Professions in Beirut

Beirut (Wadi Abu Jamil)

Community life and her parents' occupations

Lebanon's Jewish communities

Libya

Al-Khums

Journey on donkeys and the discovery of an ancient Jewish script

The professions of the Jews in Libya

Amrus

Difficulties of making a living and a life of scarcity

Az-Zawiya

Women's occupations and men's livelihoods in Libya

Benghazi

Occupations and livelihoods

Gharyan

Dropping out of school and helping with the household through agriculture

Marriage and livelihood in Israel and abroad

Misrata

Occupations and livelihoods

Msallata

Her mother's livelihood and Rabbi Frija Zuares

Meeting his wife, family and livelihood

Tripoli

Communal support for the poor

Date drink 'lagmi' and the occupations of Jews and non-Jews

Dropping out of school and helping with the household through agriculture

Farming in Israel

Her parents' life in Libya: the elder son's passing, the father's livelihood and the mother's role in the kitchen

His family members' professions: education, sewing and dairy farming

Marriage and livelihood in Israel and abroad

My parents' occupations

The mother's work as a nurse in Libya with a Muslim sheikh despite the family's concern

Theft, livelihood and her husband's occupation

Work at the Jewish National Fund and in agriculture

Zawiya

Livelihood and education

Morocco

Agadir

Acquiring a profession

Kashrut (dietary laws), preparing meat and drawing water from the well

Women and men's roles and occupations

Agdz

Aliya to Israel and employment

Aït Bouguemmaz

Occupations and livelihoods

Asammer

Life and barter in Asammer

The importance of work amongst the men

Asilah

Asslen

Way of living and the community

Aїt Hakim

Life at Aїt Hakim: education, children's games and livelihood

Aїt Taguella

Source of water, laundry, making blankets and clothing

Beni Mellal

Beni Mellal: life and livelihood in a city mixed with Arabs and Jews

Professions of Jews and family members

The economy of Moroccan Jewry: helping boys to earn a living in Morocco and the rich of Morocco

Working as a singer and darbuka player in Morocco and later in Israel

Boudenib

Aliya without possession, absorption and settlement in Kiryat Gat

Sewing and tailoring

Casablanca

Acquiring a profession and livelihood

Aliya and adaptation in Israel

Aliya, work as a house painter and relationship with the Muslims

Her father’s profession as a farmer and female family members’ assistance in Israel

Life in Morocco and longing for it

Life story - Aliya, family and livelihood

Livelihood and living in the maʿabara (absorption camp)

Livelihood and professions

Livelihood in Morocco: her mother’s work for a Christian woman and their good relationship

Making a living in Israel from agriculture in the moshav (village)

My parents' occupations

Painting and work

Parents and their work

Sources of livelihood in Morocco

The financial status of her family on both sides

Visit to Morocco and paintings by Meʾir from the visit

Work and livelihood in Morocco and Israel

Work and livelihood, Aliya and absorption

Demnate

Childhood, work in Morocco and marriage

Demnate's Jewish community

Livelihood struggles and family ties in Israel

Poverty in Demnate

El Kelaa des Sraghna

Change to a Hebrew name, child labor to save on school expenses, raising poultry and avoiding injections

Her father and grandfather as Ḥachamim (sages of Talmud) and kabbalists

El-Qsar el Kebir

Aliya, absorption and parents' occupation

Work and introduction with husband

Er-Rich

Absorption and livelihood in Israel

Erfoud

Men's livelihood and women's homemaking

Relations between Arabs and Jews and avoiding commerce on Shabbat

Fes

Community life in mellah and relationship with the Muslims

Different occupations: machinery repair, tailoring, Tora studies, Ḥevra Qadisha

Education and acquiring a profession

Ḥevra Qadisha, the purification of the deceased and its burial

Jew's occupations

Goulmima

Ighil Noro

Men's livelihood and women's house duties

Inezgane

A joint business between a Jew and a Muslim

Jew' professions and occupations

Poverty in Morocco and the difficulty of making a living

Work relations between Jews and Muslims

Kenitra

Meeting her husband and her family's livelihood

Men and women's professions

Marrakesh

Acquiring a profession for boys

Acquiring a profession for girls

Birth, brit mila and livelihood

Dating and my parents' professions

Education and acquiring a profession

Family

School curriculum and sewing at girls' schools

Women's professions

Work and livelihood in Morocco and Israel

Meknes

Community support for the poor and Jewish professions

Her husband's occupation and her son's injury during military service

Life story - Aliya, family and livelihood

Making Aliya with great fear and her brother's work at a factory that desecrates the Shabbat

My parents' occupations and the financial status

Relationship between Jews and Muslims, occupation and livelihood

The story of the Sabag family from Meknes

Ups and downs in her father's life

Women of the family: occupation, cosmetics and mikve

Women's roles and Shabbat

Midelt

Education, occupation and livelihood

Mogador (Essaouira)

Aliya, absorption and livelihood

Grandfather and grandmother sewing galabiyas

Painting and work

Visit to Morocco and paintings by Meʾir from the visit

Ouarzazate

Employment relations with Muslim women

Her father’s profession as a farmer and female family members’ assistance in Israel

Homemade ʿaraq (drink)

Livelihood and professions

Livelihood in Morocco: her mother’s work for a Christian woman and their good relationship

Women's social status and occupation

Oumnass

Work and livelihood in Morocco and Israel

Rabat

Occupation and livelihood, wedding and brit mila

Safi

My father's studies, career and how he met my mother"

Salé

Health, folk medicine and a bleak financial situation

His father's occupation and livelihood after turning blind due to ʿAyin Haraʿ (the evil eye)

Life story: education in Morocco, care for his brothers and livelihood in Israel

Work on Shabbat for non-Jews

Sefrou

The Mohel families

Skoura

Women's social status and occupation

Tanger

Absorption and livelihood in Israel

Occupation and livelihood

Tangier

Work, friends and a visit to Morocco

Taroudant

Occupations in Morocco

Tazenakht

Occupation and livelihood and relationship between Jews and Muslims

Zagora

Life and marriage at the village, her husband's occupation, Passover and Mimouna, bus accident, demon, amulet

Zerkten

Family members and their occupations

Syria

Aleppo

Absorption and livelihood in Israel and his father's injury during his work as a guard

Conduct with partners and clients at work

Education and occupation

Jew's importance in Aleppo's economy

Jews' social status and use of Hebrew in trade in Syria

Sheep farming in Aleppo

Working in trade in Aleppo

Damascus

Economic status and employment

Education, occupation and integration in society

History of the Shaluḥ family

Men's occupations: her husband's livelihood and her father's store

Occupation

Professions and integration in the economy

The wish of the shochet (ritual butcher)'s son to become a wise student

Weddings and family

Women's occupations, greeting men in the morning and household management

Israel

Absorption and livelihood in Israel and his father's injury during his work as a guard

Nusaybin

Absorption and livelihood in Israel and his father's injury during his work as a guard

Qamishli

Aliya, absorption and livelihood

Education, barbering school and livelihood

Tunisia

Ariana

Women's livelihood in Tunisia and in Israel

Education and acquiring a profession

Men's livelihood in Tunisia and in Israel

Djerba

Establishment of moshav (village) 'Sharsheret'

Her mother's poverty, poor girls' marriage and her parents' marriage

Men's livelihood and women's house duties

Name of the school

The school run by her husband, David Kidushim

Work and livelihood in Tunisia

El Ḥamma

Establishment of moshav (village) 'Sharsheret'

Occupations in El Ḥamma

Work and livelihood in Tunisia

Gabes

Education, men and women's role and the relationship between Jews and Muslims

Education, occupation and livelihood

Father's livelihood amongst the villages

Integration, working in agriculture and the health-care system, receiving an outstanding employee certificate from the prime minister

Learning shoemaking and working as a shoemaker at a French military jail

My mother, my family and I

Occupation and livelihood

Occupation and livelihood

Women

Women and men's occupations

La Goulette

Education and life in La Goulette

Mahdia

Family and parents' occupations

Matmata

My mother, my family and I

Moknine

Difficulties in livelihood

Nabeul

Her parents' occupations

Working at a soda shop

Nefta

Making aliya and life in Israel

Sousse

Family and parents' occupations

Tozeur

Livelihood and relationship with the Muslim neighbours

Tunis

Zarzis

Making Aliya and importing garlic to Israel

Zehava's mother and relationship with the Muslims

Turkey

Argentina

Cultural Center of Spain and Ladino teaching

Aydın

Ladino teaching

Buenos Aires

Ladino teaching

Edirne

Women doing the laundry together

Israel

Women doing the laundry together

Istanbul

Cultural Center of Spain and Ladino teaching

Finding a job and the class gaps between women and men

Making aliya and his life in Israel

School, occupation and livelihood

Visit to Israel, Aliya and life in Israel

Volunteering in the preservation of the Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) language and culture

Izmir

The family and work of the father

Yemen

Aḥduf

My parents' occupations and matchmaking

Al Bayda

Parents' occupation

Singing as a profession

Al Hajar

Song while grinding wheat

Women's difficulties in life and singing as a way of coping

Al Maḥwit

His work at an Israeli vineyard

His work in a guava orchard in Israel

Imam who hated the Jews and broke a drought through prayer

Raḥel's father's occupation as a blacksmith, production of whistles, bowl

ʾEfraim father's occupations as a mediator and matchmaker

Al Qif

Her mother's early life and livelihood

Making aliya and helping with the family's livelihood

Al-Arous

Women's occupations in Yemen

Working with Muslims, eating in their homes and relationship with them

Al-Ashur

Clothing and jewelry and her occupation as a tailor and dresser

Farm work, art and teaching how to read and write

Her father's occupations

My mother's and grandmother's work in pottery

Working in the field as a guard

Al-Gades

Al-Ghuraba (Saudi Arabia)

Women's prayer during the grinding work

Arhab

Women's work and men's work

Bane Bada

His father's occupation in agriculture in Yemen

Bani Al Awam

Women's song while grinding flour

Bani Hajaj

Mikve and her mother, the mikve attendant

Bashar

Agriculture and mikve attendance

Agriculture, weapon manufacturing and trade relations with the Muslims

Commuting in Israel and Yemen

Livelihood in the moshav (village), language and rhyming story

Livelihood, community life and communal work in the moshav (village)

Mother's work, culinary and learning to read

Moving from city to country and communal assistance in agriculture

Occupations of Yemenite Jews in Yemen

Baydha

Women's song whilst pulling water

Bayt Baws

Working for Muslims and relations with them

Yemeni communities, livelihood and donations to the poor

Daga

Absorption in Israel and carpentry studies

Education and livelihood

Dar Hayd

Pottery and jewellery making

Dhamar

Aliya, family and livelihood

Father's livelihood

Gharir

Division of roles between men and women

Hunger and deprivation in Yemen

Women's occupations and respect for the elderly

Ghazieh

Men's occupations and spice cultivation

Ḥaima

Livelihood and relationships with 'non-Jews'

My paretns' occupations, women and men's roles

Occupation and livelihood

Hajjah

The Imam's attitude toward Jews, the occupations of women, and my parents

Ḥawlan

Her work as a singer

Life story and livelihood of handicraft professions

The villagers' occupation in pottery

The work of the father and mother

Ḥaydan

Occupation and livelihood

Ḥaydan as-Sham

Women's singing while doing housework and drawing water from the well

Ḥumar

Absorption and livelihood

Israel

Women's singing while doing housework and drawing water from the well

Jahran

Foods and growing tobacco

Judeo-Arabic

Relationship with Muslims and her father's work as a singer for Jews and Muslims

Mingide

Aliya, absorption, livelihood and community

Najran (Saudi Arabia)

Living with the Muslims, working for them and sponsoring the Jews

Synagogue, jewelry making, sharpening knives

Raymah

My father's occupations and the relationship between Jews and Muslims

Occupations of women and men

Relationships with the mother-in-law and singing while grinding

Ruba

Her work as a teen

Rusaba

My grandfather's occupations

My parents' occupations and education

Saada

Life story, family and coping with poverty

Sanaʽa

Occupation and livelihood, marriage and making aliya

Sawraq

Livelihood in Israel

Shaghadirah

Description of the house and occupations of Jews

Sharʿab

House chores by women

Tanˁam

Absorption in Gedera, fear of brother’s abduction and locals’ attitude

Traditional clothing

Thula

Teaching sewing and other professions

Yarim

Her familly' livelihood from the production and sale of pottery jars

Relationship with the Arabs: working with them, food, Shabbat

Songs sung by women during the grinding of wheat

ʿAden

Occupations in ʿAden

ʿAfar

Housework: pumping water, carrying wood and grinding flour

ʿAnaka

Working for Muslims and relations with them

Yemeni communities, livelihood and donations to the poor

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